For a long time, innovation was associated more with creativity than with scientific approaches. For many people, the term “innovation management” sounded like a contradiction in terms. It has only begun to develop as an independent, individual scientific discipline in the last few decades. It began in the 1930s thanks to Joseph Schumpeter, an Austrian economist who saw innovation as a key factor in the development of entrepreneurship.
The development of innovation management in scientific theory continued in the 1950s with the Ansoff matrix. This theory was partly based on the Shewhart cycle of Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) and the Pareto principle, which was expanded by W. Edward Deming and Joseph Juran when introducing quality management systems in Japan. This contributed to the rise of the Toyota Production System and the Toyota Way concept. In the 1990s, these ideas became popular and were applied in such large companies as GE, Intuit and others.
Later, concepts related to chinese singapore b2c cell phone number data the lean approach to innovation began to be applied in many other areas of business. The popularity of agile software development played a major role in the 2000s, and the digital revolution of recent years has brought modern innovation management into the form we are accustomed to today.
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Types of innovation
According to economist Joseph Schumpeter, there are several types of changes within a company that can be considered innovations:
The emergence of previously unknown properties in a product or the creation of an absolutely unprecedented, unique product. An example of such innovations could be a flexible screen or a projector built into a smartphone.
Development of new production methods aimed at increasing productivity or optimizing production processes.
Using a fundamentally different material as raw material.
Entering new market segments with a product that was originally intended for other industries. An example is using wireless headphones originally designed for military purposes for sale on the civilian market.
Implementation of new organizational structures, such as turquoise management styles, based on the principle of self-organization.
KPI of the production director
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According to another classification, proposed by candidate of economic sciences Alexander Shemetev, three types of innovations are distinguished:
Improving current processes. For example, purchasing new models of equipment.
Implementation of something new. For example, when a company specializing in disk replication switches to a cloud service format.
The introduction of new ideas or a technological breakthrough. For example, nanotechnology, which was a breakthrough for its time.