Metrics measuring the frequency of citations are often not indicative of article quality, a journal article may be cited several times because other authors are refuting its findings. Similarly, citation count varies from field to field. In disciplines such as medicine and public health, systematic reviews are common and articles frequently cite other studies to validate their findings. largely from discipline to discipline, dependent mainly on the size of the field of study, and is therefore not always poland rcs data indicative of journal quality in a particular field.
Aside from these limitations, the use of bibliometrics to measure academic impact cannot be refuted. But impact is not only concerned with research dissemination in academia, but also the effect research has in the wider world.
This is something which these measures struggle to quantify. So how can the economic, societal and legislative effect of research and its impact on policy be measured?
Economic, societal and legislative impact outline not only how research can benefit individuals and organisations but also how research can contribute to understanding and improving policy issues.